Blog

October 19, 2026

Metabolic Acidosis in the OR

Disclaimer: This article is intended solely for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice. Metabolic acidosis ...

September 22, 2026

Outcomes Following Perioperative Aspiration

Disclaimer: This article is intended solely for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice. Pulmonary aspiration during ...

August 17, 2026

Impact of Preoperative Exercise on Postoperative Recovery

Disclaimer: This article is intended solely for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice. Preoperative exercise, commonly ...

July 13, 2026

Clinical Trial Data for Newly FDA-Approved Ciprofol

Disclaimer: This article is intended solely for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice. Propofol is a commonly used anesthetic, ...

June 8, 2026

Glycopyrrolate to Improve Airway Management During Anesthesia

In anesthetic practice, glycopyrrolate is a commonly used anticholinergic medication because of its reliable anti-sialagogue effects and favorable cardiovascular and central nervous system profile. In ...

May 4, 2026

Epinephrine as an Adjunct to Plane Nerve Blocks

Fascial plane nerve blocks, also referred to as plane nerve blocks, are regional anesthesia techniques in which local anesthetic is ...

April 6, 2026

Surgery Needs by Generation

Surgery is a fixture of modern medicine, with techniques continuously advancing in order to be able to treat more conditions. ...

March 2, 2026

Clinical Studies on the Safety of Low-Flow Sevoflurane

The clinical use of low-flow anesthesia has garnered interest as anesthesiologists have sought to reduce waste, lower costs, and minimize ...

February 2, 2026

Dronabinol for Perioperative Analgesia

Effective perioperative pain management remains a central goal of modern surgical care, particularly in the context of minimizing opioid exposure ...

December 30, 2025

Recent Trends in Anesthesiologists Pursuing Fellowships

In recent decades, how anesthesiologists approach fellowship training has changed noticeably, as evolving practice demands and career priorities continue to ...

November 13, 2025

Challenges of Overnight Anesthesia Call

The practice of anesthesia is demanding in any setting, but the challenges become even more complex during overnight call. Anesthesiologists ...

September 29, 2025

Asymmetrical Blood Pressure: Causes and Anesthesia Considerations

Asymmetry in blood pressure readings between arms or between upper and lower extremities is a clinically significant finding that may ...

August 25, 2025

Saline Lock vs. Heparin Lock (Heplock)

The maintenance of intravenous (IV) catheters, both peripheral and central, is essential to ensure safe and reliable access for fluid ...

July 14, 2025

Target-Controlled Infusion in the US

Target-controlled infusion aims to infuse IV drugs to a set concentration that is specific to a patient’s physiology. Generally, IV ...

June 5, 2025

Incidence of Catheter Migration in Anesthesia

Catheter migration is a well-recognized complication in regional anesthesia that can compromise both the safety and effectiveness of pain management. ...

April 28, 2025

Aprepitant: Uses and Mechanism of Action

Aprepitant is an antiemetic medication that reduces nausea and vomiting. It can be administered orally or intravenously; the intravenous ...

April 7, 2025

The Role of Patient Cooperation in Neuraxial Anesthesia

Neuraxial anesthesia, which includes spinal and epidural anesthesia, is commonly used to block pain in the lower body during labor, ...

March 3, 2025

Longevity of Catheters for Regional Anesthesia

Catheters are commonly used in regional anesthesia to provide continuous pain relief in both perioperative and postoperative settings. The longevity ...

January 27, 2025

IM versus IV Promethazine

Promethazine is a versatile medication with antihistamine, sedative, and antiemetic properties. It acts as an antagonist at multiple receptor sites, ...

December 23, 2024

Neurological Conditions Following Nerve Blocks

Long-term neurological conditions following nerve blocks due to injury during the procedure are an important topic for anesthesiologists and pain ...

November 21, 2024

Nitrous Oxide Leakage in Medical Settings

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is widely used in healthcare for its analgesic and anesthetic properties. Although its therapeutic value is well-established, ...

October 16, 2024

Rural Hospital Closures

Rural hospital closures in the United States have become an increasingly concerning trend in recent years, with significant implications for ...

September 11, 2024

Role of Anesthesiology Residents in the OR

Anesthesiology residents play an important role in the operating room (OR), assisting with patient care while also undergoing rigorous training ...

August 5, 2024

Strategies to Relax Patients During Anesthetic Induction

Pre-operative anxiety, the psychological distress which patients experience that is provoked by concerns related to their surgical and anesthetic care,1 ...

July 1, 2024

Needle Selection for Neuraxial Anesthesia

Neuraxial anesthesia is frequently employed for surgeries involving the lower abdomen and lower extremities. This type of anesthesia encompasses spinal, ...

June 3, 2024

Anesthesia for Eyelid Surgery

Eyelid surgery, also known as blepharoplasty, is a common cosmetic or reconstructive procedure aimed at improving the appearance and/or function ...

May 6, 2024

Nerve Blocks for the Abdomen

Abdominal nerve blocks are a specialized technique in regional anesthesia targeting the nerves in the abdominal wall, providing effective pain ...

April 30, 2024

Propofol Related Infusion Syndrome

Propofol-related infusion syndrome (PRIS) is a rare but severe condition associated with the administration of propofol, an anesthetic commonly used ...

April 29, 2024

Most Effective Methods for Reducing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are among the most common complications following surgery, affecting a significant proportion of patients. These ...

April 28, 2024

Awareness During Anesthesia and Surgery and How to Prevent It

Awareness during anesthesia is a rare but profoundly distressing condition that can occur when a patient becomes conscious during surgery ...

April 27, 2024

The Association Between Prenatal Anesthesia Exposure and the Increased Risk ...

The potential implications of prenatal exposure to anesthesia have become a topic of significant scientific inquiry and clinical concern. Recent ...

April 26, 2024

Regional Anesthesia vs. General Anesthesia for Hip Fracture

Hip fractures are a common and serious injury, especially among the elderly, often requiring surgery to repair. In choosing the ...

April 25, 2024

Airway Management in the Obstetric Patient

Airway management in obstetric patients presents unique challenges that require meticulous preparation and careful execution due to the physiological changes ...

April 24, 2024

Anesthesia for Cesarean Section

Cesarean sections are among the most common surgical procedures worldwide, performed either electively or as an emergency measure to deliver ...

April 1, 2024

Avian Influenza: History and Current Risk

Avian influenza (“bird flu,” informally) is a disease caused by the Type A influenza virus, which has adapted to target ...

March 21, 2024

Harnessing Tape Data Storage as a Defensive Strategy Against Healthcare ...

In an age where healthcare institutions are increasingly digitizing patient records and relying on interconnected systems for patient care, the ...

March 4, 2024

Simnotrelvir vs. Paxlovid

In the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic, it is imperative to develop effective antiviral treatments to stop or reduce the progression of ...

February 5, 2024

Increased Pain Sensitivity with Sleep Deprivation

Sufficient and good quality sleep is a significant factor in any person’s overall health and well-being. Sleep is also, unfortunately, ...

January 18, 2024

Different Types of Inhaled Anesthetics

Inhaled anesthetics play a crucial role in modern medicine, facilitating various surgical procedures by inducing a state of reversible unconsciousness. ...

January 8, 2024

How Psychological State Affects the Operating Room (OR)

Many factors affect the operating room (OR) and surgery success, ranging from patient-related factors to resource-related factors to even clinician-related ...

December 20, 2023

Point of Care Gastric Ultrasound to Assess Full Stomach in ...

Point of Care Gastric Ultrasound (PoCGUS) is a rapidly emerging technique in the perioperative setting, particularly for assessing stomach fullness, ...

December 19, 2023

Diphenhydramine in the Perioperative Setting

Diphenhydramine, commonly known as Benadryl, is an antihistamine widely used in various clinical settings, including perioperative care. Its primary function ...

December 18, 2023

The Influence of Neostigmine on Early Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction

Neostigmine, a well-known anticholinesterase medication, has been extensively used in the medical field, particularly in the management of myasthenia gravis ...

December 15, 2023

The Various Types of Inhaled Anesthetics

Inhaled anesthetics are a class of drugs used in surgery to induce and maintain general anesthesia. They work by causing ...

December 4, 2023

Theories and Mechanisms of Aging

Humanity has undoubtedly made amazing strides in civilization, knowledge, and technology; nonetheless, the mysteries that control the human lifespan have ...

November 8, 2023

Common Side Effects After Colonoscopy

Colorectal conditions are prevalent in the United States and globally, with many needing one-time or even regular screenings. A colonoscopy ...

November 3, 2023

The Use of Machine Learning to Improve Outcomes for Patients ...

In the intricate realm of anesthesiology, patient safety and optimal outcomes remain paramount. As medical science evolves, the integration of ...

November 2, 2023

EHR Interoperability Challenges

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) represent a transformative shift in the way healthcare professionals document, access, and share patient data. The ...

November 1, 2023

Ultrasound-Guided Continuous Superior Trunk Block

The pursuit of effective regional anesthesia techniques has led to the development and refinement of various nerve blocks. One such ...

October 31, 2023

What a Healthcare Organization’s Cybersecurity Insurance Policy Should Cover

In an era of escalating cyber threats, healthcare organizations must fortify themselves against data breaches, ransomware attacks, and other digital ...

September 27, 2023

Mechanisms of Narcan

In the complex world of pharmacology, few drugs play as crucial a role in emergency medicine as Narcan (naloxone). This ...

September 26, 2023

Electrical Stimulation to Treat Sleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea is a global health problem of increasing prevalence. Disease prevalence estimates range from 3% to 7%, with ...

August 30, 2023

Analgesics in Throat Medicine

A sore throat, or pharyngitis, is a common symptom of many different conditions. An estimated 11 million people in the ...

July 18, 2023

Pitfalls of Chatbots in Medicine

In the last several years, conversational chatbots have become a popular tool in medical care, public health research, and even ...

June 19, 2023

Long Covid Symptoms in Children

In the past three years, at least 15 million children are estimated to have been infected by SARS-CoV-2, the virus ...

May 15, 2023

Anesthesia for Cervical Cancer Surgery

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women globally, and 90% of new cases. Management of cervical cancer ...

April 17, 2023

Healthcare Staffing Ratios: Why Are They Important?

Healthcare staffing ratios are an important factor in protecting patient safety and maintaining a high standard of care in medical ...

March 20, 2023

Uses for Facial Nerve Blocks

Facial nerve blocks are a type of regional anesthesia that can be used to manage and alleviate pain in the ...

February 20, 2023

Anesthesia Without a Needle

Many drugs used for anesthesia are typically administered by injection, but this can pose difficulties for medical practitioners [1]. Some ...

January 19, 2023

Etomidate: What Is It?

Etomidate is an ultrashort-acting hypnotic agent used for the intravenous induction of anesthesia 1. The first report on etomidate was published ...

December 19, 2022

Examining Covid Vaccine Hoarding

Covid vaccine hoarding by wealthy countries may be responsible for the death of 1.3 million people in 2021, according to ...

November 30, 2022

Factors That Reduce Risk of Long COVID

Long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), is a condition in which individuals who were ill with COVID-19 continue ...

October 17, 2022

Cardiac Bypass vs. Stenting

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for around 20% of fatalities in ...

September 19, 2022

Patient Discharge after Ambulatory Surgery

Ambulatory surgery, which is when the patient leaves the day of surgery, is becoming increasingly common, encompassing more complex medical ...

Antibiotics have shown extraordinary capabilities, from curing otherwise deadly infectious diseases to improving agricultural outputs.

August 15, 2022

Risks of Antibiotic Usage

Since their mass deployment beginning in the mid-twentieth century, antibiotics have shown extraordinary capabilities, from curing otherwise deadly infectious diseases ...

Many patients anticipating an upcoming surgical procedure experience considerable stress and anxiety as a result.

July 18, 2022

Sedative Premedication for Surgical Anxiety

Many patients anticipating an upcoming surgical procedure experience considerable stress and anxiety as a result.1 Such anxiety has been identified ...

June 20, 2022

Acute Liver Failure Due to Anesthesia

Halogenated inhalational anesthetics are currently the most frequently used medications for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia [1]. However, ...

May 16, 2022

Clinical Trial Data on Sabizabulin for COVID-19

COVID-19 has so far lead to over 6 million deaths worldwide, and continues to infect over half a million individuals ...

April 18, 2022

Cardiology in Ambulatory Surgery Centers: Growth Outlook

Ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) have many benefits. Patients benefit from equal or even improved outcomes at a lower cost; surgeons ...

March 21, 2022

Anesthesia for Deep Brain Stimulation Neurosurgery

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an invasive surgical technique which has gained traction over the last two decades and is ...

February 22, 2022

Available COVID-19 Therapeutics

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, significant advances have been made in the discovery of therapeutics to counter the disease [1]. Treatments ...

January 18, 2022

Effect of Surprise Bill Legislation on Reimbursement Rates

Surprise medical billing is a major issue affecting many Americans. While the term encompasses a variety of billing scenarios, the ...

December 20, 2021

Anesthesia for Awake Fiberoptic Intubation

Awake fiberoptic intubation (AFOI) is a common technique for patients with an anticipated difficult airway, in which a flexible fiberoptic ...

November 15, 2021

Mechanism of Opioid Addiction

Opioid addiction is a massive problem worldwide, leading to fractured families, struggling health care systems, and destroyed communities [1]. What ...

October 18, 2021

COVID-19 Reinfection Risk

Already a catastrophe affecting billions of lives across the planet, the COVID-19 pandemic could become further prolonged depending on the ...

September 20, 2021

Anesthesia Management of Skin Cancer Surgery

Owing to increases in life expectancy, the general incidence of skin cancers has increased over the last decade [1, 2]. ...

August 16, 2021

MRSA: An Overview

Because of its pronounced virulence and resistance, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a highly successful pathogen [1]. It was first ...

July 19, 2021

Disparities in Specialist Referrals: Risk Factors and Consequences

Primary and secondary care are linked by the process of referrals, which serve as a point of contact that allows ...

June 21, 2021

Development of Minimally Invasive Surgery

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is surgery conducted using very small incisions, through which slender instruments and a laparoscope are inserted ...

May 17, 2021

Intraoperative Hypotension and Adverse Outcomes

Intraoperative hypotension is a known complication of general anesthesia and is thought to raise the risk of inadequate organ perfusion ...

April 19, 2021

Digital Covid Passports

As vaccinated individuals resume travel and other public activities following the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries, including the United States, are considering ...

March 22, 2021

Use of Frailty Classification in Predicting Adverse Surgical Outcomes in ...

With aging comes a heightened risk of physical disability. Seniors are also more likely to need surgical intervention for a ...

February 22, 2021

Artificial Intelligence in Diabetes Treatment

Diabetes is a chronic condition that leads to high blood sugar levels. The CDC reports that, as of 2020, 34 million Americans (10.5% ...

January 26, 2021

Overview of Beta-Blockers in Regional Anesthesia

In 1962, the introduction of the first beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent, or beta-blocker, marked a new era of cardiovascular care. Beta-blockers cause the heart ...

December 28, 2020

COVID-19 Pandemic Accelerates Digital Health Reforms

Digital health innovations are providing an ever-expanding array of solutions to medical challenges, improving the delivery, efficacy, and personalization of care. During the COVID-19 pandemic, digital health ...

December 3, 2020

Ketamine in Emergency Medicine

Ketamine is a potent dissociative analgesic and anesthetic that has gained popularity in emergency medicine over the last decade. It contains an ...

A patient experiences symptoms of catatonia

October 26, 2020

Catatonia: A Rare Postoperative Syndrome

Catatonia presents as a neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by mutism, stupor, food and drink refusal, posturing, and excitement or hypokinesis.1 A 2003 ...

A person struggling with substance use leans against a wall

September 28, 2020

Substance Use Trends During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are characterized by the repetitive use of alcohol or drugs that results in either addiction or impairment ...

August 31, 2020

The Physiology of Endorphins

Endorphins are naturally synthesized neuropeptides whose primary function is to produce analgesia, in addition to being involved in natural reward circuits.i Three opioid peptides – α-endorphin, β-endorphin, and γ-endorphin – comprise ...

August 3, 2020

Reversing the Effects of Direct Oral Anti-Coagulants in the Perioperative ...

Warfarin and heparin have been the standard of care in anticoagulation for many years for patients with atrial fibrillation and other thrombotic conditions. ...

July 6, 2020

How COVID-19 Affects Obstetric & Pediatric Care

The recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the associated disease COVID-19 raises many concerns about disease ...

June 30, 2020

The Quadratus Lumborum Block

Truncal nerve blocks were first described in 2001 with the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block. Increasing clinical use of ultrasound ...

May 6, 2020

Barhemsys (Amisulpride) for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

Anesthesia is given worldwide to more than 75 million surgical patients annually. Untreated, one third will suffer postoperative nausea, vomiting, ...

April 17, 2020

Meditation during the Preoperative Period

Surgery can be a stressful time for patients and their families. The perioperative period can elicit feelings of fear and anxiety1 as well as ...

March 27, 2020

Cannabinoids in Chronic Pain Management

Roughly eighty percent of the world population has no or insufficient access to treatment for moderate to severe pain. In particular, ...

March 2, 2020

Sevoflurane: Biological Mechanisms, Surgical Applications and Side Effects

Sevoflurane is one of the most commonly used anesthetic drugs, ranking closely with isoflurane, desflurane and nitrous oxide.1 It was ...

February 25, 2020

Morphine: Biological Mechanisms, Clinical Applications and Adverse Effects

Morphine is the prototypical opioid drug to which all other opioids are compared.1 Despite a century of opioid research, there ...

February 21, 2020

Propofol: Biological Mechanisms, Surgical Applications, and Side Effects

Propofol is one of the most commonly used intravenous agents for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. Characterized by fast ...

February 5, 2020

Enflurane: Biological Mechanisms, Surgical Applications and Side Effects

Enflurane is an inhaled drug used for general anesthesia.1 It is a clear, colorless, stable liquid often sold under the ...

January 31, 2020

Mobile Apps for Postoperative Pain Management

In the age of the Internet and other types of innovative technology, digital health care solutions are becoming widespread.1 These ...